The body freedom flutter phenomenon is one of the aeroelastic instabilities that occurs due to the coupling of the aeroelastic bending mode of the wing with the short-period mode in the flight dynamics of the aircraft. By using the aeroservoelastic model and applying closed loop control, this phenomenon can be suppressed in the operating conditions of the aircraft and the velocity of this event can be increased. The simplest model aircraft capable of displaying this instability includes the flexible wing and the planar flight dynamics model. For this purpose, the wing structure is modeled using the Euler-Bernoulli beam and, the theory of minimum variable state is used to model unstable aerodynamics to make the conditions suitable for modeling the system in state space. In the control section, the elevator is used as the control surface and LQR theory with Kalman filter is used to body freedom flutter suppression. Finally, the effect of adding a closed loop control to increase the body freedom flutter velocity and the limitations of this work are studied.

Introduction. The study of gross anatomy has always been confronted with limitations including deterioration, bad odor of cadaver and fixative solutions. one of the modern preservation techniques is plastination. In this project a whole body was made by plastination technique.Methods. This study was carried out on a fresh human body after fixation of the cadaver. It was dissected carefully after 6 months. It was then dehydrated and defated in cold acetone (-25˚6) for 2 weeks and warm (35-40˚c) acetone for 4 weeks. finally it was impregnated by polymer under pressure of vaccum. Results. The plastinated specimens found to be immune from infection, deterioration and flexible without bad odor and showing natural color.Discussion. Plastination is a modern techinque that has many advantages to formaldehyde fixation especially for our country with limited source of body donation. Plastinated specimens can be unique material for teaching and can play a key role in solving our problem of cadaver shortage.  

Background: Fruit and vegetable consumption may affect body weight because these foods are high in water and fiber and low in energy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Fruit and vegetable intake and bodyweight in adults.Methods: Subject of this study were recruited from those who had referred to Shahid Beheshti Nutrition and Diet therapy Clinic to control their weight. Weight and height were measured by standard methods and body mass Index (BMI) was calculated using the formula weight (kg) /height2 (m). Fruit and vegetable intake was assessed using a valid brief Fruit and vegetable screener. Intake of Fruit and vegetable was considered as “low” if screener score was equal to or less than 11 and “not low” if it was more than 11.Results: Results: A total of 171 subjects were studied.Mean±SDs of age, weight and BMI were 34.9±11.1 yrs, 75.7±16.3kg and 28.3±5.8 kg/m2, respectively. According to Fruit and vegetable consumption classification, 39% of subjects had low consumption but the consumption of the rest (61%) was not low. Total score of Fruit and vegetable screener was positively and significantly correlated to BMI (r=0.3, p<0.001). No significant difference in weight was seen between two consumption groups but the BMI was significantly higher in the group with higher intake of Fruit and vegetable (29.1±5.5 vs.27.1±6.1 p<0.03).Conclusion: Despite other studies, in the present study consumers of more Fruit and vegetable had higher BMIs which may be due to higher total food intake of these subjects. To fully address the correlation of Fruit and vegetable consumption to weight, it is necessary to consider total energy intake of subjects.

An unknown 55 years old man with loss of consciousness, bradypnea, cyanosis and miotic pupil was referred to hospital from a bus terminal. Neurological examination revealed no lateralized sign and acrocyanosis was positive. A short time after administration of hypertonic glucose and naloxone, he had seizure, hypotension and apnea, therefore, he underwent intubation and mechanical ventilation. Primary laboratory examinations revealed respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia. After brain CT scanning and other lab tests, he received naloxone again and showed more consciousness. Since the man was on suspicion of body packing, plain abdomen X-ray was done and the existence of several packs was confirmed. Treatment by polyethylene glycol 2 lit/h and naloxone and serial activated charcoal started and finally, the patient excreted the packets and was then discharged with good condition.

Background: Obesity is growing rapidly in our country. Nutrition is an important associate of obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the association between Fruit and vegetable intake with the waist circumference and the body mass index (BMI) among young female university students.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 236 healthy female university students aged between 18 to 30 years old, who were selected randomly from the university students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. A previously validated semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the entire dietary component intake. Physical activity was assessed by recording the physical activities daily.Findings: The prevalence of obesity, central adiposity and overweight was 1.7, 0.9 and 8.1% respectively.The mean value of BMI and the waist circumference was 21.54 kg/m2 and 70.37cm respectively. There was inverse association between the Fruit and vegetable intake and body weight (r=-0.1, P=0.03) as well as BMI (r=-0.1, P=0.04) and also there was inverse association between the Fruit intake and body weight (r=-0.1, P=0.01) and BMI (r=-0.1, P=0.01). There was no significant association between Fruit and vegetable as well as Fruit or vegetable separately with the waist circumference.Conclusion: There were significant associations between Fruit and also Fruit and vegetable and body weight and BMI among female university students. There were no significant associations between Fruit and vegetable as well as Fruit or vegetable separately with waist circumference.

In order to collect and identify macrobasidiomycetes of Iran, specimens of one ectomycorrhiza were collected from Gilan Province (N. Iran) in 2008. The characteristic features of these specimens were as follows:Fruit body semicircular, circular to irregular, up to 5cm across. Surface felty or velvety, white to pale pink colored (Fig. 6 A & B); lower surface in semicircular or circular Fruit bodies and all of the Fruit body in irregulars, covered with tooth-like projections up to 3mm long, white to cream colored with brown tip (Fig. 6 C & D Hyphae of cap and stipe with clamp connection. Spores globose to subglobose, inamyloid, 4.5-5.5 x 3.5-4.5µm. Spore print is brown.Specimens identified as Hydnellum peckii Banker (Thelephorales, Bankeraceae) (STALPERS, J.A. 1993. Keys to the species of the Thelephorales, Studies in Mycology, 35) which is a new report for Iran fungus flora.The bright red droplets on the surface of Fruit body and hydnoid hymenopore are the specific characteristics of H. peckii. Fungus grows solitary or in clusters on ground under conifers as mycorrhiza.Materials examined: on soil under conifers, Gilan Province, Fooman to Masooleh, 13.10.2008, Asef & Torabi (IRAN 13549 F); on soil under conifers, Gilan Province, Parehsar, 15.10.2008, Asef & Torabi (IRAN 13548 F).

Background and aims: Musculoskeletal discomfort is one of the most important causes of occupational disabilities in many work communities which cause high costs for the economies of countries. Studies signify the importance of implementation of programs to control these discomforts. In this regard, the ranking of occupational and work-related diseases provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) has shown that musculoskeletal disorders had second place after work-related respiratory diseases in 2013. Agricultural workers are at high risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to the nature of their intense physical activities and high level of manual labor. Indeed, farmers experience a variety of physical pressures due to repetitive lifting and carrying heavy loads, working with inappropriate tools, working in undesirable conditions with awkward postures (bended and/or deviated trunk, abducted arms, working at height higher than shoulders, etc). They usually work with vibrating tools and are exposed with other hazards such as falling or slipping. Many observational ergonomic assessment tools are designed for evaluating the postural risk of different job tasks. Some examples include the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Rapid Entire body Assessment (REBA), Quick Exposure Checklist (QEC), and so on. Agriculture is an occupation that depends highly on working methods and equipments. As a result, workers can adopt different postures as a function of their tasks and situations. It is assumed that their working postures would be more or less different from industrial workers. The majority of previous researchers applied typical existed methods to evaluate farmer’ s working postures, since there was no specialized evaluation method. This lack of a proper agricultural evaluation method has recently been resolved by Kong et al. (2015), who introduced a methodology entitled “ Agricultural Whole-body Assessment” (AWBA) for this purpose. This approach covers a wide variety of body postures which are especially existed in agricultural tasks. Agricultural workers and their ergonomic conditions are rarely investigated in Iran. To our knowledge, no study has yet paid attention to the working posture of Iranian agricultures using AWBA. Considering the high number of workers in this section, and the lack of required information in order to decide appropriate interventions, the present study is conducted to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort and the evaluation of working postures among Fruit picker in Iran. Methods: A total of 135 Fruit picker working in Damavand apple gardens voluntarily participated in this study. The study was approved by the ethics committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and the written consent form was signed by each participant before starting. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study were having at least one year of working experience in the Fruit picking job, and lack of any specific work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Also, individuals who experienced acute musculoskeletal injuries due to non-occupational reasons during the study, and those who declined to continue their participation for any reason were excluded from the study. In this study, only Fruit pickers who picked Fruit from short trees without needing to ladder were entered. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to identify the demographic and occupational characteristics of the employees. Accordingly, factors including age, sex, height, weight, and work experience were collected. The prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort was recorded by a body map questionnaire during the study period. The body map questionnaire attempts to identify body regions involved with musculoskeletal disorders. The body map questionnaire classifies whole human body into nine anatomical areas. Workers were asked to mark each area in which they feel discomfort. AWBA was used to evaluate working postures and to determine the ergonomic risk level. This tool provides the risk levels for the upper (AULA) and the lower (ALLA) limbs, taking into account the different postures of the body during the work as well as the working duration in each posture. Finally, using a 4x4 matrix, the overall risk level of the whole body is determined. The final risk levels can range from 1 (low) to 4 (extremely high). Data was analyzed with SPSS software version 16, using t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort among the studied Fruit pickers was 31. 9%, 22. 2%, 20. 7% and 14. 8% in lower back, knees, legs/foots and shoulders respectively. In total, 88 out of 135 workers (65. 2%) experienced musculoskeletal discomfort in at least one region of the body while 47 workers (34. 8%) reported no discomfort. The age of participants ranged from 12 to 73 years (mean = 35. 9 ± 15. 7). The history of work ranged from 2 to 50 years with an average of 12. 8 ± 11. 4. Individual characteristics including age, height, weight, work experience and body mass index were not related with the presence of musculoskeletal discomfort among studied workers (P >0. 05). According to the results obtained from the Agricultural Whole-body Assessment method, the risk score of three was calculated for the upper limbs (AULA), lower limbs (ALLA) as well as whole body (AWBA); indicating high risk of musculoskeletal disorders in Fruit pickers due to their excessive exposure to physical ergonomics hazards. Conclusion: Fruit pickers are at high risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Awkward working postures in manual Fruit harvesting may be considered as the main cause for the incidence of MSDs in this working group. Although the lower limbs (foot, legs, knees) of Fruit pickers seem more painful than other body parts, it is important to consider their whole body (including lower and upper limbs) in the case of designing any ergonomic improvements, since both lower and upper limbs are at high risk of MSDs in traditional apple harvesting. Therefore, appropriate yet prompt ergonomic interventions should be implemented. In this regard, moving to the mechanized agriculture seems to have the highest priority among all possible interventions. However, until it could be realized, other ergonomic improvements should be adopted. These include all changes resulting in reducing repetitive movements, modifying working postures (i. e. avoiding excessive bending, twisting, deviating, abducting arms, working over the shoulder height, reaching beyond the natural working zone envelope, etc), decreasing prolonged standing, and reducing exposure to the biomechanical risk factors such as force and prolonged working hours. It is also recommended to improve the traditional methods of Fruit handling and carrying by designing ergonomic baskets dedicated for this purpose.